How Coats s Disease Is An Idiopathic Condition...

Introduction Coats’ disease is an idiopathic condition characterized by retinal vascular telangiectasia and exudative retinopathy mostly affective young males unilaterally (1). The spectrum of Coats’ disease manifests from mild to severe visual disturbance. An unusual presentation is with a macular hole and only few case reports of this rare association exist (2)(3)(4)(5). In addition surgical treatment of macular hole associated with Coats’ disease has only been described once by Wong et al in 2012 (5). We are reporting a unique case, of macular hole in adult onset Coats’ disease (6)(7), which was successfully managed with pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) and microscope integrated Optical Coherence Tomography (MI-OCT) assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling to ensure hole closure. Though Wong et al reported on closure of macular hole, they reported delayed hole closure and poor results with conventional management. This case report highlights a better approach to achieve early macular hole closure with better functional outcome in patients of Coats disease. Case Report A 37 year old man presented with insidious onset painless progressive diminution of vision in his right eye of 05 months duration. There was no associated history of prior ocular disease, ocular trauma or any systemic illness. His decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.05 OD and 1.0 OS. On retinoscopy simple hypermetropia of +1.25 DS OD and +1.50 DS OS was noted. Anterior segment examinationShow MoreRelatedSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagesway in the body. Define Anatomy and physiology, and describe the various specialties within each discipline Anatomy – the study of internal and external structures and the physical relationship between body parts. Physiology – the study of how living organisms p0erform the vital functions. Microscopic Anatomy – study of structures that can not be seen by the naked eye. Cytology – analyzes the internal structure of individual cells. Histology – the study of tissues Gross Anatomy

Sense of Tragedy and Foreboding in Shakespeare’s Romeo and...

Sense of Tragedy and Foreboding in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet In the play, Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare creates an impending sense of tragedy and foreboding. He uses a variety of devices to provoke this, such as themes, language and tone. To begin the sense of tragedy and foreboding he introduces characters caught in a sensitive conflict. The audience of the performance are very aw are that the genre of the play is a tragedy; therefore they have expectations for something traumatic to happen, such as death, doom and a disaster. Shakespeare succeeds in meeting these expectations by including several parallels in his performance. Parallels are events that foreshadow a later, more tragic†¦show more content†¦Romeo is a very sensitive character as he embodies love and youth. He portrays this sensitivity when he does turns down a fight with Tyblat, instead he tells him that he loves his name. ‘But love thee better than thou can’st devise.’ As Romeo loves Juliet, Tybalt’s cousin Romeo uses this to tell Tybalt that he loves his name. As he is a very young character, this makes an impact on the play. His immature actions of his age are highlighted throughout the play. Romeo’s actions add to the strong sense of rushing. In addition he puts his fate into God’s hands. This shows that he is unreliable and does not believe in himself. Romeo’s thoughts prove that he has a strong instinct of his awaiting doom. Due to these thoughts, it makes the audience feel extreme tension. For example, Romeo knew that something bad would happen at the party, therefore he tried to stall going, ‘And we mean well in going to this masque. But ‘T is no wit to go.’ He tried to stall because he didn’t really want to go and he was putting it off for as long as he could. In contrast, to Romeo, a character who embodies youth and love is his lover’s cousin, Tybalt. Tybalt is a strong character who embodies death, doom and disaster. Tybalt is extremely aggressive; he portrays this aggression and anger in Act 3 scene 1, when Tybalt and Mercutio fight. ‘I am hurt,’ says Mercutio. Tybalt has killed MercutioShow MoreRelatedThe Responsible Character Behind the Tragic Deaths of Romeo and Juliet1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe Responsible Character Behind the Tragic Deaths of Romeo and Juliet In writing Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare has created a play involving the complex entanglement of all of the citizens of Verona in the tragic demise that befell the young lovers. The appeal of the play is Shakespeares masterful stagecraft, because the audience are told of the tragic ending at the beginning of the play, but want to know how they are driven to their deaths. By involving everyone, the audience Read MoreRomeo Juliet: A Dramedy to Remember1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthree distinct genres: tragedy, comedy, and history. While his historical plays occasionally borrow dramatic elements from his tragedies, Shakespeare set a clear division between the lighthearted ambiance found in A Midsummer Nights Dream and the heart wrenching despair that pervades Hamlet. However, Folger Theatre has cleared this divide with fervor. Romeo Juliet, a play that was once the epitome of tragic theatre, is no longer pigeonholed to the tight confines of tragedy in regards to mood andRead MoreRomeo and Juliet - an Aristotelian Tragedy of Youth and Love1923 Words   |  8 Pagesessential element in the ‘good or fine’ character of every great tragic hero is ‘hamartia’, the fatal flaw. The tragic hero’s fatal flaws inevitably lead to negative consequences in his life. The character of Romeo, the tr agic hero[1] of William Shakespeare’s cautionary tragedy Romeo and Juliet, contains three key fatal flaws that condemn him and others to death. Through employing the dramatic techniques of meaningful dialogue, soliloquy, narrative structure, and characterisation, Shakespeare privilegesRead More The Role of Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet When we first meet Friar Lawrence (à Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã‚ ·), he appears to be picking flowers and herbs. He shows us he has a deeper understanding of the characteristics of herbs and how everything has a good and bad side: Ââ€Å"Within the infant rind of this weak flower Poison hath residence and medecine power.† This also relates to the families of Romeo and Juliet. It dramatically hints about theRead MoreAct 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesAct 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In the romantic tragedy `Romeo and Juliet` William Shakespeare uses dramatic techniques and devices to convey emotional inclines and declines, emphasise breaks and linking tensions as well as to underline the outlying plot diversification. Preceding Act 3 Scene 1 we see Romeo fall madly in love with Juliet and marry her, both showing his instinctive nature, and setting the scene for this dramatic twists soonRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Research Paper2101 Words   |  9 PagesSuperior Character in Romeo and Juliet The play of Romeo and Juliet is different from William Shakespeare’s other tragedies in that there is not a clear distinction of individual heroes. The two protagonists are more passive than active; both are naà ¯ve and lacking understanding. The hero is often thought to be the romantic, yet often hysterical, Romeo. But Romeo’s immoral background, emotional outbursts, mishap murders, and foolish actions make him a poor candidate for a hero. Juliet proves to be moreRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Make Romeo and Juliet Dramatically Effective?2169 Words   |  9 Pageshis Elizabethan audiences, and it still works today. Romeo and Juliet, a romantic tragedy, is one such play, and I will be exploring the ways that Shakespeare attracted audiences, and the skills and techniques he used in his writing. Act 3 Scene 1 is a very important part of Romeo and Juliet. There are various mixed emotions the audience will endure throughout the scene and I will mainly be using it to discu ss how Shakespeare makes Romeo and Juliet dramatically effective. Firstly, I will look at pivotal

Discrimination against women Free Essays

Discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today. Is this true? Women work two-thirds of the world’s working hours and produce half of the world’s food, yet they only earn 10 per cent of the world’s income and own less than 1 per cent of the world’s property and only 12. 7 per cent of all parliamentary seats. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination against women or any similar topic only for you Order Now These statistics show that women are still being discriminated throughout the globe and it is a wake-up call for everyone to the severity of this issue. Discrimination refers to the njust or prejudice treatment of different categories of people, in this case between female and male. A few areas where discrimination against women occurs globally are the dehumanising practices against women, women rape cases, and the glass ceiling in Jobs for women. One area in which women are discriminated is that there are dehumanising practices against women. Dehumanising practices are acts that deny the â€Å"humanness† of a person, it occurs discursively, symbolically or physically. Women are abused both verbally and physically in many parts of the world, such as India and Africa. In 28 countries, ranging from east to west, there are cases of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), and it has absolutely no benefits for the women, and its main purpose is to deprive them of the pleasure of sex to ensure that they don’t cheat on their husbands. However, FGM brings about harmful side effects to the women’s bodies; which are bleeding and infections as well as complications to child- birth and all of which may lead to death. Women are the only one who undergoes this, men don’t need to do such things as women are viewed to be the weaker sex and are to be controlled. Dehumanising practices causes nothing but harm to women who experience it, and it is still practiced in various parts of the world, mostly in developing countries, and as such serves to support the point that discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today. Another area which depicts that women are discriminated against is the numerous rape cases occurring throughout the world. Rape is defined as an instrument used by men to subjugate women, and as women are often seen as objects of desire, men desires them and uses rape to subjugate women. In India, rape and abuse of women is common, as the society is patriarchal. There are over 80,000 rape cases in India that are pending investigation, yet the police or the government have not made significant changes and efforts to resolve this problem. As seen from the above, there is evidence that people’s mind- set does not change easily. In the past, gender discrimination was a common ccurrence throughout the world. Although most of the world have moved past gender discrimination, but there are still countries practicing gender discrimination, and it is not one or two, but big enough to make an impact on the world overall. Hence discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today. One unseen source of discrimination against women is that there are glass ceilings in jobs for women. Although most societies have moved past gender discrimination, but there is still differences in treatment between men and women, no matter how small n society, and it is mostly observed in workplaces. As the level of authority and power in workplaces and Jobs increase, it is observed that there are less and less women in these levels, only 12. 7 per cent of all parliamentary seats are claimed by unseen glass ceiling that is hindering them, discrimination still prevails even after a few decades of the â€Å"removal of gender discrimination†, Just that now it is more discreet and not that obvious. Hence, discrimination against women is still a global social epidemic today. How to cite Discrimination against women, Papers

Leonardo Pisano Blgollo Essay Sample free essay sample

Fibonacci’s parts to mathematics are singular. Even in the universe today. we still make day-to-day usage of his find. His most outstanding part would be the replacing of denary figure system. Yet. few people realized it. Fibonacci had really replaced the old Roman numerical system with theHindu-Arabic enumeration system. which consists of Hindu-Arabic ( 0-9 ) symbols. There were some disadvantages with the Roman numerical system: First. it did non hold 0’s and lacked topographic point value ; Secondly. an abacus was normally required when utilizing the system. However. Fibonacci saw the high quality of utilizing Hindu-Arabic system and that is the ground why we have our enumeration system today. He had included the account of our current enumeration system in his bookLiber Abaci† . The book was published in 1202 after his return to Italy. It was based on the arithmetic and algebra that Fibonacci had accumulated during his travels. Fibonacci was born in Italy but was educated in North Africa where his male parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Leonardo Pisano Blgollo Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Guilielmo. held a diplomatic station. His father’s occupation was to stand for the merchandisers of the Republic of Pisa who were merchandising in Bugia. subsequently called Bougie and now called Bejaia. Bejaia is a Mediterranean port in northeasterly Algeria. The town lies at the oral cavity of the Wadi Soummam near Mount Gouraya and Cape Carbon. Fibonacci was taught mathematics in Bugia and travelled widely with his male parent and recognised the tremendous advantages of the mathematical systems used in the states they visited. Fibonacci writes in his celebrated book Liber abaci ( 1202 ) . Leonardo Pisano is better known by his moniker Fibonacci. He was born in Italy but was educated in North Africa where his male parent held a diplomatic station. Fibonacci was taught mathematics in Bugia and travelled widely with his male parent. recognizing the tremendous advantages of the mathematical systems used in the states they visited. Fibonacci ended his travels around the twelvem onth 1200 and at that clip he returned to Pisa. There he wrote a figure of of import texts which played an of import function in resuscitating ancient mathematical accomplishments and he made important parts of his ain. Of his books we still have transcripts of Liber abbaci ( 1202 ) . Practica geometriae ( 1220 ) . Flos ( 1225 ) . and Liber quadratorum ( 1225 ) . Even at a clip when Europe was small interested in scholarship. there was widespread involvement in Fibonacci’s work. Fibonacci was a modern-day of Jordanus. but he was a far more sophisticated mathematician and his accomplishments were clearly recognised. although it was the practical applications instead than the abstract theorems that made him celebrated to his coevalss. Liber abbaci was based on the arithmetic and algebra that Fibonacci had accumulated during his travels. The book. which went on to be widely copied and imitated. introduced the Hindu-Arabic place-valued decimal system and the usage of Arabic numbers into Europe. Indeed. although chiefly a book about the usage of Arab numbers. which became known as algorism. coincident additive equations are besides studied in this work. The 2nd subdivision of Liber abbaci contains a big aggregation of jobs aimed at merchandisers. They relate to the monetary value of goods. how to cipher net income on minutess. how to change over between the assorted currencies in usage in Mediterranean states. and jobs which had originated in China. In the 3rd subdivision were jobs affecting perfect Numberss. jobs affecting the Chinese balance theorem and jobs affecting summing arithmetic and geometric series.

Leonardo Pisano Blgollo Essay Sample free essay sample

Fibonacci’s parts to mathematics are singular. Even in the universe today. we still make day-to-day usage of his find. His most outstanding part would be the replacing of denary figure system. Yet. few people realized it. Fibonacci had really replaced the old Roman numerical system with theHindu-Arabic enumeration system. which consists of Hindu-Arabic ( 0-9 ) symbols. There were some disadvantages with the Roman numerical system: First. it did non hold 0’s and lacked topographic point value ; Secondly. an abacus was normally required when utilizing the system. However. Fibonacci saw the high quality of utilizing Hindu-Arabic system and that is the ground why we have our enumeration system today. He had included the account of our current enumeration system in his bookLiber Abaci† . The book was published in 1202 after his return to Italy. It was based on the arithmetic and algebra that Fibonacci had accumulated during his travels. Fibonacci was born in Italy but was educated in North Africa where his male parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Leonardo Pisano Blgollo Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Guilielmo. held a diplomatic station. His father’s occupation was to stand for the merchandisers of the Republic of Pisa who were merchandising in Bugia. subsequently called Bougie and now called Bejaia. Bejaia is a Mediterranean port in northeasterly Algeria. The town lies at the oral cavity of the Wadi Soummam near Mount Gouraya and Cape Carbon. Fibonacci was taught mathematics in Bugia and travelled widely with his male parent and recognised the tremendous advantages of the mathematical systems used in the states they visited. Fibonacci writes in his celebrated book Liber abaci ( 1202 ) . Leonardo Pisano is better known by his moniker Fibonacci. He was born in Italy but was educated in North Africa where his male parent held a diplomatic station. Fibonacci was taught mathematics in Bugia and travelled widely with his male parent. recognizing the tremendous advantages of the mathematical systems used in the states they visited. Fibonacci ended his travels around the twelvem onth 1200 and at that clip he returned to Pisa. There he wrote a figure of of import texts which played an of import function in resuscitating ancient mathematical accomplishments and he made important parts of his ain. Of his books we still have transcripts of Liber abbaci ( 1202 ) . Practica geometriae ( 1220 ) . Flos ( 1225 ) . and Liber quadratorum ( 1225 ) . Even at a clip when Europe was small interested in scholarship. there was widespread involvement in Fibonacci’s work. Fibonacci was a modern-day of Jordanus. but he was a far more sophisticated mathematician and his accomplishments were clearly recognised. although it was the practical applications instead than the abstract theorems that made him celebrated to his coevalss. Liber abbaci was based on the arithmetic and algebra that Fibonacci had accumulated during his travels. The book. which went on to be widely copied and imitated. introduced the Hindu-Arabic place-valued decimal system and the usage of Arabic numbers into Europe. Indeed. although chiefly a book about the usage of Arab numbers. which became known as algorism. coincident additive equations are besides studied in this work. The 2nd subdivision of Liber abbaci contains a big aggregation of jobs aimed at merchandisers. They relate to the monetary value of goods. how to cipher net income on minutess. how to change over between the assorted currencies in usage in Mediterranean states. and jobs which had originated in China. In the 3rd subdivision were jobs affecting perfect Numberss. jobs affecting the Chinese balance theorem and jobs affecting summing arithmetic and geometric series.

Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity

Communication and media are facing the need to say or do something different in a new way. This simplifies the efforts by communication channels to be unique in their presentations so that they can attract large audiences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New ideas, new topics of research and advanced students have made this area not only innovative but also controversial (Hartley 2011). This research sets the pace for other academic and extensive research on this topic. Danesi defines media as any productions, for instance, TV programs, radio shows, newspaper columns or advertisements (2009, p. 194). Producers use contemporary media texts to convey meaning to the audience. It is not certain, however, that the audience will receive this message as intended because the text could be misinterpreted or misunderstood. Contemporary media channels (for example TV) use communicative codes that need decoding (Hartley 2011, p. 3). TV communicators know that their message could not be decoded the same way by all their audiences. Therefore, research is vital to establish how the message sent can reach the target audience, and what to do to ensure proper decoding takes place. According to Hartley, textual (semiotics) and audience (sociological) analysis should be done to know how to use the media to reach a mass audience. What challenges do satirists face in their fight against political impunity? Satire is dramatic, literary, or visual art created to review folly or abuse. Even though it uses humor and wit, satire intends to shade light on the wrong deeds present in both the social and political circles. Parody, on the hand, is a stylist imitation serving to call attention to and ridicule original style (Boler Turpin 2008, p. 401). Irony is among the styles used in satire. In this case, a person says one thing but means a different thing. It brings out the shared cultural meanings in satire in order to create the jokes. There are stages where irony could be used, for instance, when issuing statements about news media, parody characters and performances at events.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this study, I will focus on satire as a tool for fighting political impunity, and the challenges that the satirists face. Many countries experience political issues in one way or the other. These issues range from bribery and corruption, nepotism, ethnic divisions, misappropriation of public funds, racial discrimination e.t.c. When a producer creates a comedy show, their intention is always to entertain as well as educate the audiences. Satirists have also used music to pass across their messages by composing songs that rebuke corruption in the government. Negus states that we corporate machines should not attempt to control creativity in the popular music just to satisfy their greed (McIntyre 2011). Both musicians and satirists should be left to express themselves through their talents. According to Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert, comedy shows are not news since they do not have partisan agendas, they just entertain their audiences. The Daily Show is a late night comedy show in the United States and Canada. According to Boler and Turpin (p. 391), since real news shows do not confirm political claims against reality, fake news shows have taken over the role of revealing that many politicians tell lies. McClennen (2011, p. 13) describes Colbert’s parody as Bill O’Reilley at White house dinner, where he gave a satirical speech as the most aggressive public confrontation of President Bush during his tenure in office. In his speech, Colbert revealed all the scandals in the government thereby exposing what the main stream media had failed to expose. This act made Colbert a legend. Can a comedy show like The Daily Show be held accountable to journalistic standards and integrity? This is the question that lingers in people’s minds. According to Joe Stewart, comedy shows cannot be held accountable to journalistic standards since they engage in theater instead of engaging in critical journalism. He insists that news organizations should not look to comedy for â€Å"cues on integrity† (Boler Turpin 2008, p. 395). There has been a general public dissatisfaction with the main stream media personnel who concealing political vices in governments. The audience has thus lost trust in the main stream media and has now resorted to support satirists who expose the real issues in governments. Popular comedy hosts have been outstanding and recommended for their courage to say the truth and confront political issues without fear or favour. An exchange between Stewart and Moyer in 2003 focused on journalism and satire in a contradictory way. M oyers questioned whether, Stewart practiced an old form of satire or the form of journalism. In his response, Stewart states that this issue could be determined by whether Moyers was speaking about news or comedy adding that we are living in the new form of desperation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the advents in media, people have been able to display their talents through social sites like YouTube. Satirists all over the world are creating satirical shows using the available digital equipment and posting them on YouTube for people to see. Because of this, artists now have lucrative deals by leading companies who nurtured their talents and made them stars. Political satirists, like Chris Rock have also posted their work on social sites to increase public awareness on political issues. Through the mass media like TV, Radio and the Internet, many people have come to know about scandals that they never knew. Many people have also learnt about their political systems through satirical shows. Peterson says that most Americans get to know their politicians through satirical shows (2008, p. 21). The description of these politicians is so funny that it leaves the memory in people’s heads. There is evidently more political satire in democratic countries than in authoritarian regimes according to Leonard. This is because of the freedom of expression that exists in these democracies. In reference to my question above, it is true that political satire can help in fighting vices in political systems, but the challenges are overwhelming. According to Freeman (2009), throughout history, the political jester can speak truth to power even though there is always censorship of some sort in this industry. This has made it difficult for the satirists to run their shows without restrictions by the authorities in th eir countries. Another challenge that satirists face is the problem in finding and holding an audience since many people dislike like politics. More often, therefore, these shows tend to incorporate other jokes about cultures, personalities or ethnic groups’ social issues into their shows so that they can attract people’s attentions. The negative attitude that people have towards satirists also hinders their work of fighting political vices through comedy. According to the Lake Victorian caricaturist and essayist Mac Beerbohm, a satirist is a person laying about lustily to hurt or injure those who according to him should be hurt and injured (Freedman 2009, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since no one likes to be ridiculed, political satire has often been labeled as a dangerous and uncomfortable field since the people one makes fun of may decide to sue them or pose a threat to their lives. Many US satirists believe that president Bush deserved to be hurt and injured. They, therefore, went ahead to scorn and ridicule him on their comedy shows. Zerubavel gives an example of a satirist, who mocks an emperor by telling him that he is either blind, or the emperor is naked† (2006 p. 73). According to Freedman (p. 14), other targets for satire are Bill Clinton (the sex scandal) and George Bush (his leaders). Different people react to satire different. While some will choose to laugh at the jokes and even appear at the shows, others get angered and cut off offending passages on the newspapers or ban the TV show and imprison or penalize the satirists. In the 1920s, for example, the Soviet Union, imprisoned Philipon and his colleagues and their magazines banned for satir ically criticizing the government. There is another challenge of maintaining the momentum in comedy shows. Satirists have to look for fresh jokes keep their audience entertained. This seems to be the biggest challenge for satirists since the audience is the most powerful person in their work. They thus need to carry out thorough research for them to reach a desired audience and get their attention. Some of the Key Concepts that should be considered in order to overcome these challenges are as follows; Censorship- Hartley (p. 38) defines censorship as the control of published content by official agencies in order to discipline the populations and render any dangerous thoughts and desires docile. It is thus essential for satirists to analyse their government systems and program their show in a way that they will speak up against the vices, but in a soft way to avoid censorship. Communication- this is a meaning generating interaction between two systems or organisms by means of mutuall y recognizing signals (Hartley, p. 49). Satirists design and present their jokes with the intention of passing information. This information could concern corruption in the government, the high cost of living or nepotism in the civil service. Text is anything that represents, expresses or communicates speeches, poems or programs. The text in satirical programs stands for the message that the producer wants to pass to the audience. The Celebrity- The person that speaks at a show will affect the way a message is received. The public reaction to a joke or mockery will significantly depend on whom that person is. Celebrities in this case always have an upper hand to charm the audiences than regular people. The reason behind this is that already they have a fan base hence they just need to tickle them a little for them to burst into laughter. Many people will attend a satirical show hosted by Chris Rock than one hosted by an unknown person. Audience- Watson Hill (p. 16) state that an au dience is the receptors of messages sent. For a show to be successful, the producer should consider creating a content that will fit the audiences. Gender, academic level, religious background and language, will determine the approach to take in their presentation. Context- Hartley (p. 61) defines context as the environment where we make a presentation. Political satire is not advisable in a country that is experiencing violence due to political difference since this will fuel violence. In 2008 Republican John McCain and his wife were victims of political satire during a talk show called The View, hosted by five female presenters. The hosts saw that environment as the perfect opportunity for them to mock the presidential aspirant for approving of a message on advertisements that were propaganda campaigns against his opponent, Barrack Obama (Jones 2010, p. 3). This action signifies how democracy may turn around and hurt the same people who defend it through satire. This is evidently the reason behind strict restrictions by authoritarian governments on satirical programs. Media- is any means of transmitting information according to Danesi (2009). For comedy shows to reach their target audiences, the producers should choose their media correct. Comic shows have adopted with the changes in media trend well. According to Kellner, mainstream media processes information, events and news as media spectacle (2009). It is this power of the media that has taken these shows to facebook, twitter, YouTube and MySpace. These innovations have led to the work of writers like Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises) to be translated into films (Hay 2011, p. 24). Women have also decided to join the field of political satire as writers, cartoonists or performers. Maureen Dowd and Molly Ivins are among the noticeable number of women who have made their names as satirists (Freedman 2009, p. 2). It is vital for both private and government institutions to support satirists carry out their self -imposed role of being watchdogs. This avenue could also grow to create employment opportunities to the youths. Reference List Boler, M Turpin, S 2008, â€Å"The daily show and crossfire: Satire and Sincerity as Truth to Power†, in Megan, Boler, Digital Media and Democracy: Tactics in Hard Times, MIT Press, USA. Danesi, M Berger, A 2009, Dictionary of Media and Communication. M.E Sharpe Inc, New York, USA. Freedman, L 2009, The Offensive Art: Political Satire and Its Censorship around the World from Beerbohm to Borat, Greenwood publishing group, London UK. Hartley, J 2011, Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts, 4th Ed. Routledge, London, UK. Hays, P 2011, The critical reception of Hemingway’s The Sun also rises. Camden House, New York, USA. Jones, J 2010, Entertaining Politics: Satirical Television and political engagement, 2nd ed. Rowland Littlefield Publishers Inc, Maryland, USA. Kellner, D 2009, â€Å"Media Spectacles and Media Events: Some Critical Reflections†, in N. Couldry et al, Media Events in Global Age, Routledge, London, UK. McClennen, S 2011, America According to Colbert: Satire as Public Pedagogy, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, USA. McIntyre, P 2011, â€Å"Popular Music: Creativity and Authenticity† in Creativity and Cultural Production: Issues for Media Practice, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Peterson, R 2008, Strange Bedfellows: How Late-Night Comedy Turns Democracy into a Joke, NJ, USA. Watson J Hill A. 2012, Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies, 8th ed. Bloomsbury Academic, London UK. Zerubavel E. 2006, Elephant in the Room: Silence and Denial in Everyday Life, Oxford University Press NC, USA This essay on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity was written and submitted by user Charleigh Guthrie to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Strategic Analysis of Zara The WritePass Journal

Strategic Analysis of Zara Executive Summary Strategic Analysis of Zara , when a journalist published a report looking at the treatment of shop staff, across the company, and found several instances of abuse. Again, Zara acted quickly to put in place an internal investigation and stated that abuse of this nature would not be tolerated. Although the company seems to be working with unions, in order to improve the position, the report clearly had an impact on the way in which the company was viewed, with concerns now being shown over the treatment of staff, as well as the treatment of individuals in developing countries who are producing the products, in the first place (Balchin 1994). It is, however, noted that other organisations operating in a similar way to Zara have also suffered similar problems, with Primark being the main example of concerns over conditions for suppliers and the workers in the developing countries. Strategic Analysis Pulling together both the external and internal factors impacting on Zara as an organisation, it is then possible to establish a strategic plan for the future, in order to ensure the ongoing success of this substantial fashion retailer. Corporate Strategy The overall strategy for the company, referred to as the corporate strategy, looks at the general approach which the company should take, before going on to consider, in more detail, the business level strategy that can be used to achieve ongoing success (Doherty, 2004). The corporate level strategies which Zara needs to focus on are doing what it does best, and where it has achieved the greatest efficiency, in recent years. One of the key reasons that Zara has managed to achieve this success is down to its efficient supply chain, which is critical to the current demands of the fashion industry at to meet consumers demand regular updates of products and new and innovative fashion, on a regular basis. Zara has managed to ensure that it has a first mover advantage by being able to bring the product to the market, within two months, and this unique selling point needs to be exploited further, if consumers are going to be prepared to pay slightly more, in order to gain access to new products before others (Coyne and Sujit Balakrishnan 1996). It is suggested that Zara needs to retain a cost base element, in terms of strategy, as it has gained a large amount of support from high street customers who are looking for fast fashion, at a disposable level. By maintaining this price position, the company can then encourage consumers to renew their fashion products, regularly, thus offering continuous revenue for the company. Business Level Looking more specifically at the business level strategy, it is suggested that certain product lines need to be focused on, in order to keep the look within the high street stores fresh, as well as looking towards new opportunities for improving the supply chain, particularly given the recent PR crisis associated with its supply chain choices. It has been identified that one of the major advantages and strengths of the company is the fact that it can achieve a very rapid link to the market. Whilst it is currently the case that Zara has an unrivalled supply chain, it should not be accepted as the forever position and continuous efforts need to be made to improve the supply chain and to form alliances with appropriate third parties. Technology plays a huge role in this, and therefore having a strategic business unit which is entirely focused on technology and the use of technologies to create internal efficiencies, needs to be one of the primary business level strategies (Murphy, 1990) . A greater focus also needs to be placed on the team that is responsible for producing the designs which will ultimately make it onto the high street. Zara has achieved a position within the market that encourages individuals to look towards the brand as a means of gaining cutting-edge fashion, at a low cost, and the design of these products is therefore critical, if this position is to be maintained. Continuous evolution within this area is a necessary part of retaining the position and also looking towards cutting costs, by altering product designs to take into account the cost of production (Finch 2004). Future Strategies Several future strategies are now suggested for Zara, moving forwards. Economic pressures are likely to remain substantial, across the whole industry. Therefore, cost reduction needs to be critical and continuous, without potentially putting the company in a position where it may face questioning in relation to the ethics of third party suppliers, particularly when it looks towards outsourcing into the developing regions. Several other competitors within the market have suffered negative press, due to the use of suppliers associated with unethical practices. This presents Zara with a real opportunity to set itself apart from other low-cost retailers, by developing a specific ethical strategy that will enable it to retain a relatively low cost, but also allow it to sell itself as an ethical producer (Okumus 2003). The company, therefore, needs to look towards other opportunities, for example, by changing the design of the product to reduce production costs, or looking at creating efficiencies in the supply chain, by transporting goods to a central warehouse that can then reduce the cots of transportation, overall. A substantial focus needs to be placed on the design team and ensuring that it is continuously developing new products which are able to be produced at a relatively low cost. This will enable the company to retain its position for supplying fast fashion within the high street and continuing to attract customers into the store, on a regular basis. Implementation and Evaluation Throughout the implementation of the business strategies, it is necessary to continuously evaluate whether or not certain avenues of activities are successful and whether alterations are necessary, in order to establish greater efficiencies. For example, the supply chain needs to be monitored, on an ongoing basis, in order to identify any losses, either in time or money, so that these can then be reduced or even removed (Grundy, 1993). The decision in relation to which products to design and produce is very much customer driven; therefore, it is suggested that customer reviews are obtained, on a regular basis, so that, where the customer is not being provided with a product that they choose, or are unmotivated to revisit the store, these instances are captured and dealt with, in the future. Finally, evaluation needs to look at the ethical issues which Zara is now tackling, in order to set itself apart from other low-cost fashion producers, with regular reviews and reports being undertaken, not only to ensure that ethical practices are being followed, but also to allow the public to see that Zara is taking its ethical responsibilities seriously (Johnson Scholes, 2002). Conclusions Zara is in a particularly strong position within the fashion market, having established itself as a brand name that produces cutting-edge fashion ahead of its rivals, and at a low-cost. Despite this, it is important that the organisation recognises the forces that are impacting on the external market and uses its own internal strengths to ensure that it retains a competitive advantage, thus enabling it to maintain its position within the market, as one of the brand leaders. A particular emphasis should be placed on the strengths within the supply chain, as this enables the organisation to bring products to the market, at a particularly rapid rate. Furthermore, cost pressures are also being placed on the organisation, which requires the design team to become more efficient when creating designs that can be turned into garments, at the lowest possible cost, without sacrificing ethical standings. Simply put, it is argued that Zara needs to continue to do what it is doing, currently; however, it needs to do it better, with greater emphasis being placed on ethical behaviour, meeting customer demands for new and innovative fashion, while at the same time retaining low-costs, across every aspect of its operation. References Acur N. and Bititci U. (2004) A balanced approach to strategy process, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol. 24 issue 4, pp.388-408; Balchin A. (1994) Part-time workers in the multiple retail sector: small change from employment protection legislation?, Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Issue 7, pp.43-57; Bigelow, J. (1980) Strategies of Evolutionary and Revolutionary Organizational Change, Academy of Management Proceedings, Carter, D. E. (1999), Branding: The Power of Market Identity, Watson-Guptill, New York. Coyne, K.P. and Sujit Balakrishnan (1996),Bringing discipline to strategy,  The McKinsey Quarterly, No.4 De Toni A. and Tonchia S. (2003) Strategic planning and firms’ competencies: Traditional approaches and new perspectives, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol. 23 Issue 9, pp.947-97 Doherty, A. M. (Editor) (2004). Fashion Marketing: Building the Research Agenda. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Finch P. (2004) Supply chain risk management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 9 Issue 2, pp.183-196; Grundy, T. (1993) Managing Strategic Change, Kogan Page, London UK. Johnson, G. Scholes, K. (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases 6th edition, FT Prentice Hall, UK Kumar and Linguri, (2005), Zara: Responsive, High-Speed, Affordable Fashion, the European Case Clearing House. Lopez, C and Fan, Y (2009) Internationalisation of the Spanish fashion brand Zara, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 13 Iss: 2, pp.279 – 296 Mittal, B. (1988), The role of affective choice mode in the consumer purchase of expressive products, Journal of Economic Psychology, 9, pp. 65 499-524. Moran, R. T. and Riesenberger, J. R. (1994), The Global Challenge: Building the New World-wide Enterprise, McGraw-Hill, London. Murphy, J. M. (1990), Brand Strategy, Director Books, Cambridge. Okumus F. (2003) A framework to implement strategies in organizations, Journal of Management Decision, Vol. 41 Issue 9, pp.871-882; Porter, M.E. (1979)  How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy,  Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979. Porter, M.E. (1980)  Competitive Strategy, Free Press, New York, 1980.

Analytical paper base on reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analytical paper base on reading - Essay Example These texts show that globalization is not entirely positive or a monolithic empowering process for all, but something that the West, particularly the United States, direct and control, while disempowering specific nations, cultures, classes, and genders. New national and international social, political, and environmental movements are arising from different sectors and nations because of the continuation of colonialism and slavery in the global political economy through American capitalism, although these issues cannot be resolved without finding common interests and agreeing on win-win solutions. Anti-globalization is a not a new movement, but started alongside economic, political, and cultural globalization. Heather Gautney describes the various protests that aimed to stop the implementation of world trade policies that undermine national sectors because of unfair trade changes. The roots of the anti-globalization movement are not from the Seattle protests to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1999, but much earlier, with anti-International-Monetary-Fund (IMF) protests sparking during the 1970s in Peru, Liberia, Ghana, Jamaica, and Egypt.1 In Egypt, the bread riots happened because of the rapid increase in bread prices due to IMF trade policy effects.2 These are examples of movements that opposed the negative effects of globalizing trade policies on national economies. Feminist internationalism is another anti-globalization movement that seeks to elaborate transnational values and standards that will promote the position of women in society.3 Its primary goal is to free women who are trapped in various disadvantaged positions brought about by globalization’s gender-oppressive values, policies, and practices.4 Elizabeth Bernstein discusses a different feminist uprising through the new abolitionism movement. The new abolitionism is against the modern slavery of women that happens through human trafficking and commercialized sexual

T-Test and Chi-Test Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T-Test and Chi-Test - Assignment Example It is scientifically proven by Ridley (1999) the fact that men and women are different from each other. And they also differ in their motivational styles. Still, employment agencies will have to disregard the gender when it comes to a job working, so the aim of the employers are to motivate them using different tools that are available for them to use their abilities. The research that was carried out by Wiedner (1998) regarding personality type, etc. presented as determinants of job satisfaction has scrutinized the other factors such as age, educational level, sex, and the part-time and full-time status of the worker. And the one-way analysis of variance has been computed to determine if there are significant differences among the pay satisfaction levels. As the null hypothesis believed that there is no significant difference among the three shift categories. While on the other hand, the alternative hypothesis states that there is significance that exists on at least one of pair. Th is is just the same with the study in Unit 1, but the variance indicates that there is an insignificant difference that the level of education did not have the critical impact on their perception of equity on their perception of equity on pay. Here our finding is that there is a significant relationship in the differences between men and women regarding job satisfaction. As we observe from the first regression. And on the table we made, we have come up with a perfect correlation indicating that we have a positive result. There came the difference between the two regressions. When x and y switch, the result was changed. As the formula was: y = bx+a/y to get they we cross multiply the equation this way y = bx + a.   1 Y Their both sums came to become different and they both contrasts with each other since their composition was changed. They now represent another equation. The conclusion somewhat came to be undecided since it's different to explain both regressions with different dat a in it.

Crime and Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime and Theory - Essay Example Policy bureaucrats and advocates have paid a lot of concentration and allocated the most funds to the domestic violence form of couple violence. But there is beginning to be some interest amongst the public bureaucrats and community leaders in sustaining approaches that deal with couple conflict in most of the cases. These include couples and marriage education programs that teach engaged and married couples a way of communication and conflict declaration skills in order to reinforce their relationship, evade unhelpful forms of conflict that may lead to divorce and support less unfriendly co-parenting after divorce. There are various types of domestic violence, few of them are mentioned below. (Richard L. Davis., 1998). Sexual abuse is distinct as the forcing of undesired sexual acts by one person to another. There are different kinds of sexual abuse which involves non-consensual, forced physical sexual deeds such as rape or sexual attack, psychological types of abuse such as oral sexual behavior, the use of a position of trust for sexual reasons and incest, when it is derived by force or emotional treatment; the euphemism is at times used to illustrate such abuse. Psychological Abuse Psychological abuse or emotional abuse is a type of abuse that is characterized by a person subjecting or revealing another to behavior that is psychologically dangerous. Psychological abuse is the obstinate infliction of mental or emotional suffering by threat, shame or other verbal or nonverbal behavior. It is frequently linked with circumstances of power inequity, such maybe as the conditions of abusive relationships and child abuse. However, it can also take place on larger ranges, for example, Group psychological abuse, racial domination and prejudice. A more gentle case might be that of place of work abuse. Workplace abuse is a large cause of workplace interrelated strain, which consecutively is a tough cause of illness, both physical and mental. When a child is emotionally abused, some may not even identify it and make it seem like daily behavior. In fact, it can have severe long term effects on the child at hand. There need not be an activist for psychological abuse to take place; one can experience self-abuse, as in the case of someone who is a depressive, or self-mutilation. In any circumstances in which the frequent and severe impact of a situation influences a person's emotional and rational thinking, in such a way that can adversely affect their lives later on. Stalking Stalking means repeating physical harassment to a person over an extended period. Laws vary between jurisdictions but may include such acts as repeated physical following, unwanted contact, observing a person's actions closely for an extended period of time, make a contact with family members, friends, or associates inappropriately and cyber stalking. Stalking can also consist of seeking and getting hold of the person's personal information in order to contact them, for example, searching for their details on computers, electoral rolls, personal files and other stuff with the person's

Aspects of ICT

Aspects of ICT Introduction Development of computers in the modern society and associated with it computerization of education is characterized by a massive proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICT can be used for information exchange and interaction between a teacher and a pupil in the modern education system. As such, not only the teacher must master the ICT technology, but also to be an expert in applying it in his or her professional activities. It is a technological world in which children are often more comfortable than their parents and teachers.[1] Computerization of educational achieves two strategic objectives. First, it improves the efficiency of all types of educational activities through the use of ICT tools and technologies. Second, it improves the quality of training enhancing it with a new type of thinking which is relevant to the requirements of the information society. Using methods and means of information, future professionals must be able to get answers as to what information resources are available, where they are, how they can be accessed and how they can be used to improve their professional activities. In our research paper we will cover the following aspects of ICT Positive and negative aspects of using information and communication technologies in general education Review the role and place of ICT in the building of the information society Review the areas of effective application of ICT tools Review methods of ICT application to address appropriate needs of the educational process, monitoring and measurement of learning outcomes, extracurricular activities and research, in primary school educational institutions Review requirements for ICT facilities Review the market of available ICT tools and products. What is ICT? Information and communication technologies (ICT) are a combination of the hardware and software designed to implement information processes through the utilization of the computers and network technologies. The purpose of ICT in education is generally to familiarise students with the use and workings of computers, and related social and ethical issues.[2] The main focus of the research however will be dedicated to the electronic means of educational purpose, which are a subset of software tools of ICT. These include application software and electronic media, specifically designed for the educational use: a system supporting the process of learning (electronic textbooks and encyclopaedias (including network), electronic laboratory etc.). There are several venues of ICT tools utilization in the education system: In general educational institutions (primary schools, high schools, etc.) In the supplementary education (instructor-led language schools, etc.) In home-based learning (extracurricular activities, etc.) To further narrow down the topic of the research the main accent will be applied to the area of general Primary school education with emphasis on the general education of the primary education processes. According to Andrew A. Zucker who writes in his Transforming Schools with Technology: How Smart Use of Digital Tools Helps Achieve Six Key Education Goals 2008, the ICT will be successful if technology is aligned with six major education goals. Those goals are to: increase student achievement make schools more engaging and relevant provide a high-quality education for all students attract, prepare, and retain high-quality teachers increase parental and community support for students outside of school require accountability for results ICT methods and techniques Methods and techniques of ICT in teaching are aimed at developing skills in information activities of pupils and their information culture. There is a number of different teaching methods that could be employed in this area, some of them are: illustrative, reproductive, research based, corrective knowledge, incentive, motivational, etc. These methods could be tremendously enhanced by the use of ICT techniques. For example, the illustrative methods could be enhanced by using multimedia which can distinctly improve the mental activity of students due to increased visibility and emotional richness (animation, sound, video and other multimedia effects). When a teacher develops the multimedia instructional materials, he/she may use Irish local history material that enhances the educational lesson as pupils would be able to relate more to the topic which is familiar to them. Reproductive methods of education benefit through the use of learning systems offering the high level of customization on a personal-oriented education in which pupils are able to build individual educational path depending on their personal skills and abilities (perception, memory, thinking, etc.). Through the utilization of the ICT the studying process can be enhanced without adding extra burden on the teachers/their schedule. The effect of novelty and overall attractiveness of the computers to the pupils serve as an additional means to stimulate and motivate learning, improve pupils interest in studying. ICT allows and provides a venue to enhance further training thought the utilization of the gaming form of training. The value of these games is very high. Indeed, the skills of non-verbal communication channels (facial expression, gesture, posture, etc.) are important in the daily lives of pupils, and will have even greater significance in future active social and professional activities. The ability to correctly convey the meaning of the message, not only in a form of words but also in a general expression of the body is very useful to pupils in life. ICT and Students General Education and ICT Usage of ICT in teaching of general education courses aimed at improving the learning process within a given scientific field of knowledge. ICT ultimately improves the quality of instruction in schools by increasing the interest of pupils, providing the ability for a highly customized and personalized curriculum, ability to intensify the learning without the increase of working hours of the teachers. It also should be noted that there is a trend of increased usage of project team work especially in the area of research assignments. ICT is an instrumental tool in this area, with its interlinked computer technology and networking capabilities, creating a unique real time integration of sub-projects, making it possible to enhance interdisciplinary links between the general education courses. Usage of ICT tools in the management of the educational process is oriented at improving the governance process. There are several areas that could be managed by ICT; personnel management, management of logistics, management of the educational process, management of information resources. ICT modules where developed for the each of these areas. To improve the process of personnel management a human resource module, to improve the management of logistics a warehouse module, schedule module for the education process, etc. Supplementary Education and ICT Within the area of the supplementary education ICT covers two main areas: ICT as an object of study and tool aimed at enhancement of the mental abilities of children and as means of governance process improvement. The main difference between the system of the supplementary educations of children and primary education system is the lack of mandatory uniform educational standards. This feature brings a qualitative change in the methods of application of ICT, and provides teacher/school with the choice of the educational means/tools. Given that children come willingly to the supplementary education organization (as opposed to schools, where children come on a mandatory basis), the teacher pays special attention to methods of stimulating and motivating of learning. In selecting of the right content of the education, the teacher addresses the needs and interests of pupils more actively in response to innovations in the field of ICT development. Thus, the content of education does not dupl icate the primary-school science, but rather broadens and deepens it. Of course, the teacher can use all known methods of teaching, but priorities are given to the stimulating and motivating learning, research activities and games based learning techniques. ICT tools used in the management of the educational process in institutions of supplementary education oriented to improving the work with gifted children in different areas. Albeit this area boosts special features worth mentioning, specifically the fact that the organizations that provide a supplementary education are in its vast majority are of a commercial nature. As such they naturally imply a more active cooperates/collaboration with the social environment: children and their parents. In each such institution many teachers develop their own programs and techniques which are worthy of compilation and distribution, which may contribute to the further ICT tools development and, above all, the networking technologies. Home-based education and ICT ICT tools in its home-study application are oriented on individualization of the learning process of pupils and their social adaptation. Embedded training technologies in such systems are reproductive in nature, their main purpose is to help pupils to prepare for all sorts of tests/quizzes or exams and basically directed at repetition of school material. In addition, by having a computer at home, the pupil is able to more efficiently complete homework (preparing research for instance, etc.). In this case, ICT tools are the means of individualization of learning and improving the educational activities of students. As a means of social adaptation of pupils, ICT tools fulfil the need of social adaption of pupils while students communicate with each other over the Internet. Networking technologies is a powerful tool of social activity, mobility and responsiveness. Having a home Internet access and computer equipped with the ICT client allows children to receive an opportunity to partici pate in online projects, gain access to various research and data resources as well as an opportunity to demonstrate social activity. The student must be prepared to accept and assess information and develop a correct perception of any information he/she runs into, which helps developing critical thinking which should be given a particular attention by teachers and parents as this is one of the ultimate goals of any educational system. To summarize the use of ICT tools in general education is primarily aimed at improving the existing teaching technologies and management. It should be noted that ICT bolsters pupils ability in the area of data mining, analytical thinking and strengthens their research abilities while working with vast amounts of information available and given a timeline for the completion teaches pupils to effectively manage their own time and the value of team work collaboration. ICT tools are effective in improving interest of students and creation of individualized leaning methods. Application of ICT in the educational process, especially at home, requires development of critical thinking, which should be monitored and encouraged by teachers and parents. Application of networking and distributed technologies in the general education facilitates the integration of various types of best teaching practices under the ICT umbrella. ICT Computer-assisted education With every passing day Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is being adopted into various fields of educational activities. Both external drivers related to overall advent of ubiquitous informational society and internal factors such as wider adoption and spread of the computer technology in schools contribute to this adoption. Steps are taken by the governments to further encourage the adoption through appropriate funding, standard setting and training. In the vast majority of cases, the use of this technology positively affects productivity of teachers as well as the effectiveness of the learning process. The word technology is of Greek origin and means the science, the collection methods and techniques for handling or processing of raw materials, semi-finished products and convert them into objects of consumption. Current understanding of the word includes the application of scientific and engineering skills used to solve practical problems. In this case, information and telecommunication technologies can be considered as such technologies, which aim to process and transform information. Information and communication technology (ICT) is a general term describing various techniques, methods and algorithms for data collection, storage, processing, presentation and transmission of information. This definition intentionally does not include the word usage. Usage of information and communications technology presents yet another facet of technology a set of information and telecommunication technologies in education, medicine, defence and other fields of human activity that is part of overall concept of information technology. Each of these areas of information technology imposes its own limitations and peculiarities. This concept includes the full range of techniques, methods, techniques and approaches to achieve the objectives of computerized education. The cornerstone of the ICT tools is a personal computer equipped with a set of peripherals known as a hardware platform and a set of educational programs known as the software or applications. The main categories of software are system programs, applications and tools. System programs are operating systems (OS) as well as various utilities or service programs. Applications are the tools of the information technology software that enable user to work with text, graphics, tabular data, etc. With the advent of computer networks, students and teachers have a new unique opportunity to receive/send information anywhere in the world. A global telecommunications network of the Internet makes it possible to instantly access information resources (digital libraries, databases, file storage, etc.), the most popular of which is of course the World Wide Web. The internetworking capabilities allow people to communicate and exchange data using e-mail, instant messaging clients, mailing lists, news groups, chats, VoIP and teleconferencing technology. The latest development introduced tools for collaboration and cooperation which are instrumental part of the distributed computers enabling students to interact virtually with each other anywhere in the world. Technology continues to evolve and we as a society seem to be entering the age of ubiquitous computing. It is impossible to assess at this stage how cloud computing and the development of the concept of ubiquitous computing would affect the area of education, but there is no doubt that many of these technologies have the potential to significantly improve the quality of training and overall students education. At the same time, however, despite of the massive positive impact, in some cases, the use of the information technology has no effect, and in rare cases, such use has a negative effect. Concept of the information society, which includes education, gained significant boost in the early 90-ies and was taken seriously by the governments of the developed nations. Albeit the concept is not new, and was first introduced by Fritz Machlup in 1973, in his book The production and distribution of knowledge in the United States, which suggested that the information society is the highest stage of societal evolution. Positive and negative aspects of computerized education It may seem that the use of ICT is always warranted in all areas of educational activities. Certainly, in many cases it is. However, it has a number of negative aspects. Positive and negative factors of ICT should be taken into account by pedagogues. Pros are improving methods and techniques of selecting and shaping the content educational material introduction and development of new specialized disciplines and fields of study associated with the informatics and information technology changes in teaching of the traditional school subjects improving education of pupils by increasing their level of individualization and differentiation introduction of new forms of interaction into the learning process that changes the content and nature of the teacher and pupil relationship creates tools assisting in optimization of the education management creates and supports the integration trend of subject areas and the environment, Allows high level of customization. Raises level of activity of the student develops the ability of alternative thinking, building skills to develop a strategy to find solutions Allows predicting the results of decisions based on the simulation of the studied objects, phenomena, processes and relationships between them. Cons are: In spite of the obvious pros the use of ICT can lead to several negative consequences. In particular, most often one of the benefits of ICT is referred to the individualized learning. However, along with the advantages there are also major shortcomings associated with the total individualization. It limits to the minimum the live interaction between teachers and pupils, pupils with each other and surrogates it with interaction with the computer. Due to limitations of the current technology the only interface of this communication is a keyboard rather than speech. The main interface of the human mind ability to speak gets shutdown. The lack of practical dialogic communication hampers the development of the language and overall affects negatively development of the thinking process. Another significant drawback of this surrogate relationship is the curtailment of social contacts, the reduction of social interaction and communication, individualism. Certain difficulties and negative aspects may arise from the use of the ICT tools that provide teachers and students considerable flexibility in finding and using information. Often confusing and complicated methods of presentation may cause the diversion of the pupils from the studied material due to various inconsistencies. Moreover, the nonlinear structure of information exposes the student to the temptation to follow the suggested links that which can derail the purpose of the exercise in its entirety. The use of information resources published on the Internet, often leads to negative consequences. Most often, the use of ICT tools triggers plagiarism cut and paste of the readily available projects, essays, reports, research papers, etc. which does not enhance the effectiveness of learning process. ICT tools can be not only a powerful tool for the formation and development of children but conversely, promote a standard pattern of thinking and inert attitude to work. In many cases, the use of ICT and real time availability of data deprives and prevents students from conduct real experiments by their own hands, which adversely affects the learning. And last but not least, the health aspect of pupils must be taken into the most serious consideration as the excessive of ICT equipment could negatively affect the health of a child. Methods of ICT application in the education process ICT tools can be used as a mean of support in the traditional methods of education. In this case, ICT enhances the training process, provides a venue for certain level of customization of learning and allows for partial automation of routine work of teachers related to accounting, organization and grading. On the other hand, ICT could lead to a drastic change of educational process, forcing the revision of methods and forms of organization of educational process. Induces the construction of integrated courses based on the use of information content in each school disciplines. The need for specific knowledge which is either not available in a single individual subject, i.e. interdisciplinary knowledge is needed or there is a need for a deep dive research a need to explore a number of concepts, theories and laws that cannot be obtained in a standard teaching. The need for the reproductive abilities. A need to prepare for the quiz which has time limitation. The need for creative thinking. Development of the optimization skills. Most cost-effective solutions or the most optimal variant of process The need to develop tailored personalized qualities. Formation of students sense of responsibility towards others, towards themselves. All of the above reasons and factors suggest that the use of ICT tools in teaching students on a bigger is better principle may not lead to visible improvement in the efficiency of education. ICT use requires a balanced and well-reasoned approach. Information Society and ICT Using the amount of knowledge as a criterion it was determined that the amount of human accumulated knowledge is skyrocketing and is doubling[3] every 5 years since 1970. Using this figure as the amount of accumulated human knowledge as a criterion for awarding the public status of the information society is justified, because according to some estimates, since the beginning of our era, the first doubling of the accumulated knowledge of mankind took place in 1750, the second the beginning of the twentieth century, the third already by 1950 year. Since 1950, the total amount of knowledge in the world doubles every 10 years, since 1970 every 5 years. The history of the information society contains the history of the origin and development of new types of human activities associated with computers. Such growth resulted in an appearance of a specialized group of people employed exclusively in the information industry (operators, programmers, system analysts, designers, etc.). Obviously, the emergence of new scientific and professional areas requires specialized training with not only the specialized content but also particular methods and means of educ ation. Therefore it is not a coincidence that computer based education achieves two strategic objectives. It improves the efficiency of all types of educational activities through the use of ICT and improves quality of training through a new type of thinking the relevant requirements of the Information Society. The computer-based education is an integral part of the information society. The transition of modern society to an information era of its development advances as one of the major challenges facing education, the task of forming the foundations of an information culture of the future specialists. Societys need for skilled personnel possessing a necessary skillset becomes a leading factor in educational policy. Today, it is virtually impossible to find a school which would not have ICT implemented in some form. In todays world everything is interconnected. It is obvious that computer-based education and information society development are closely linked, constantly affecting each other. Here are several of these areas of overlap changes in content and functions of education, forms and methods of teaching activities positive impact of ICT tools and information on the development of creative abilities educational impact of information technology the emergence of the possibility of using multimedia technologies in education further development of continuing education in the information society Development and widespread use of electronic models of learning the establishment of developmental education based on the information resources of society a combination of traditional and innovative ways of learning in the information society formation of information culture of teachers to work in all forms of educational process generation of new approaches to the management of the institution and assessing the quality of teacher work globalization and integration of educational services in the information society Information technology in school education Types of audio-visual and technical equipment used in teaching. The birth of ICT did not happen overnight and was preceded by a rapid development of various non-computer devices known as technical and audio-visual training aids. For the extended period of time, technical means of training were attributed only to the hardware: slide and movie projectors, television sets, tape recorders and CD-players, as well as specially designed teaching materials and aids such as filmstrips, cassettes and compact discs. These learning tools at different stages of development of the education system were the main tools for improving the efficiency of storage, processing, transmission and presentation of educational information. In the absence of computer equipment they have played the role of information and communication technologies. A hundred years ago, with Thomas Edison invention of phonograph, the first incarnation of ICT was born. A that time with the advent of the ability to record, store and playback audio all the problems of education were seen to be solved; today of course, it is obvious that not all such problems have been solved completely. Throughout the last century a variety of teaching tools were introduced; each time resulting in more advanced informational support system of the learning process, which in turn a positively impacted the effectiveness of teaching. At present, any educational institution possesses a subset or a full set of the following: audio recording and playback (tape, CD-players) voice/data transition systems (telephone, fax, teletype machines, radio communication systems) video/radio broadcasting equipment (television, radio, educational television and radio, DVD-players) optical and photographic equipment (cameras, slide projectors, overhead projectors) Printing, copying, scanning and other equipment designed for documentation and reproduction of information (copiers, microfilm, microfiche) computer facilities used for the electronic submission, processing and storage of information (computers, printers, scanners) telecommunications systems for the transfer of information through communications (modems, network wire, satellite, fibre optics, microwave and other communication channels) Analogue Equipment: Audio tape recorders, microphones, amplifiers, speakers, recorders, radios, language equipment, tapes, records) Graphic and photographic tools cameras, slide projectors, overhead projectors, filmstrips, slides, images on the tapes Projection equipment cameras, projectors, films Movies and TV facilities TVs, monitors, cameras, camcorders, VCRs, video players, video projectors, video tapes). Digital equipment: Audio digital voice recorders and players, digital CD-ROMs Graphic and photographic tools digital cameras, laser and magnetic disks, storage memory card Projection Technology multimedia projectors Movies and TV facilities digital video recorders, DVD-players and DVD-players, laser and magnetic disks, electronic memory card) Computer tools Computer multimedia tools to record, process and playback sound, recording processing and visualization of text, graphics and photographic facilities; recording, processing and playback. With the advent of the internet the computer serves as a cornerstone of the ICT and enables a number of features which were unavailable in non-internetworked world; telecommunication between people, real time collaboration and real time access to information resources. Computer technology gives unique opportunity to combine different technologies and different means such as sound, text, photos and video into one cohesive venue of delivery. However, introduction of computer technology brings an interesting point. At first glance, it would be logical to include other technologies and tools of relevance to the processing and presentation of information used in education. However, at the same time, the universality of the computer brings the educational technology to the whole new level and questions the usage of all non-computer based tools with the exception of the book perhaps, as they are losing relevance. Today, for obvious reasons, it is practically impossible to find a modern educ ational film-strip or phonographic disks. As such, the implementation of computerized education will lead to increased use in of advanced information and communication technologies. Therefore, our research was concentrated on all aspects on the ICT: computer hardware and software, as well as their practical content. Hardware Computers and devices, commonly referred to as hardware, is a platform of any ICT system and should be carefully selected with the idea of being part of the educational process behind. Despite its apparent youth, computers have a fairly rich history. The idea of automating calculations which gave rise to the creation of the first computing devices is not new and has been entertained for a long time. The first operational summing machine was built in 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French physicist, mathematician and engineer. Despite the fact that the initial calculations were performed by mechanical devices and tools, such devices can still be considered as tools of information processing and, consequently, the predecessors of the computers used in various fields of human activities, including teaching. Even four decades ago the computation was widely done by mechanical calculators, and electro-mechanical proto-computers. However, because of its bulkiness, difficulty of use, high cost, low-speed of information processing and a number of other reasons a computer could not find a proper application in the field of education at that time. A rare exception is higher education, the availability of computers in which justified the need for training in a number of professions such as computer science. Moreover, teachers and students work usually with one computer. It is in these universities sprung up first experience of computerized education. However, the real large-scale introduction of computers into all educational activities took place in the early 80-ies of the last century; PCs stressed the word personal i.e. one computer one person approach; its compactness, speed, relatively low cost, availability of a large number of devices that extend the capabilities of personal computers, all that contributed to the raise of PC in every facet of our lives, including education. The main direction of PC development was on expanding capacity to process information. Gradually, the hardware evolved and allowed people to create, store, process and transmit text, graphics, photos and video clips and sound. Due to its versatility personal computers provide maximum amount of benefits for education purposes. Most of the teachers and students are working with personal computers available in every school. Through personal computers held theoretical lessons and practical exercises, measured the level of knowledge, and conducted research, distributed workload, and planned extra-curricular activities, carried out educational projects and self-education activities. In this regard, c

What Did We Learn from the Vietnam War? Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

â€Å"Teaching the Vietnam War makes one realize how the shape of a narrative determines, and is determined by, its content† (Franklin 246). The Vietnam War was one of America’s most controversial wars. Many of its aspects are still plagued with great uncertainty. Those aspects of the Vietnam War are argued and debated about, they were argued during the time of the war and the arguing has continued. The Vietnam War was indeed a time of confusion. Why did the war start? What was the United States’ real reason for getting involved? What was the objective of the war? What were the American soldiers really fighting, or in reality, dying for? How do you explain a war to someone who has not experienced firsthand, especially if you were not around yourself? There is no real answer. You can give the facts and figures, but that leaves out the true grit of a war. The human perspective must also be given. As with any war, the Vietnam War had many perspective: th e protestors, the politician, and lastly, but most importantly, the soldier (Although there are many other stories that could and should be told). Through the facts and figures and the eyes of those who were there, an individual could learn about the Vietnam War, although how many actually want to understand war is uncertain. The facts and figures are one of the first things that should be learned about the war (Although many would argue the facts). The Vietnamese waged an anti-colonial war against France between 1945 and 1954. They received $2.6 billion in financial aid from the United States to aid their efforts. The Geneva Convention followed the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu, where Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam all received independence. Vietnam was momentarily divide... ...n Vietnamese deaths. Still today, many Americans still ask whether the American effort in the Vietnam War was necessary, a sin, a mistake, or a noble cause, or an idealistic, if failed, effort to protect the South Vietnamese people from the North. In order to truly understand the war you and to determine your own answer to the many questions it is still pending, you must look at the war from every perspective and understand the many facts it produced. Dr. Carl Sagan wrote, â€Å"You have to know the past to understand the present†. The Vietnam War is a large part of America’s past. It is important to know of the Vietnam War and to know of those who experienced, so you may learn of how America came to be as it is today and were it may be heading, of whether or not we learned from our mistakes or if we are destined to repeats those made during the Vietnam War again.

Tropical Hut

WORKING CAPITAL Working capital is a measure of liquidity of a business. It equals current assets minus current liabilities. It is a measure of both a company's efficiency and its short-term financial health. The Company’s working capital during 2011 and 2010 are -P61,608,166. 00 and -P48,921,660. 00 indicating that the Company’s current liabilities are more than its current assets. It tells that the company is expected to suffer from liquidity crunch in near future and that the business may not be able to pay off its current liabilities when due. Status: Weakness of the Company) LIQUIDITY RATIOS| | | | | | Notes| Status| 2011| 2010| Current Ratio| 1| Weakness| 0. 83:1| 0. 85:1| Quick Ratio| 1| Weakness| 0. 37:1| 0. 39:1| Liquidity ratios measure a firm’s ability to meet maturing short-term obligations. Current ratio measures the extent to which a firm can meet its short-term obligations. During 2010, the Company’s current ratio is 0. 85:1 which indicates that the Company’s current assets were not enough to pay its short-term obligations. During 2011, the Company’s current ratio decreases to 0. 3:1 which indicates that its ability to pay its short-term obligations became worse (see Note 1 for computation). Quick ratio measures the extent to which a firm can meet its short-term obligations without relying upon the sales of its inventories. During 2010, the Company’s quick (or acid-test) ratio is 0. 39:1 which shows that its current assets less its inventory is not enough to meet its short-term obligations. During 2011, the Company’s quick ratio decreases to 0. 37:1 which shows that its ability to meet its short-term obligations became worse (see Note 1 for computation).Therefore, Tropical Hut Food Market, Inc as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 is not liquid. LEVERAGE RATIOS| | | | | Notes| Status| Ave of 2011;2010| Debt-to-Total-Assets Ratio| 2| Strength| 0. 56| Debt-to-Equity Ratio| 2| Weakness| 1. 29| Long- Term Debt-to-Equity Ratio| 2| Strength| 0. 0007| Times-Interest-Earned Ratio| 2| Weakness| -19. 36| Leverage ratios measure the extent to which a firm has been financed by debt. Debt-to-Total-Assets Ratio is the percentage of total funds that are provided by creditors. The average Debt-to-Total-Assets Ratio during 2011 and 2010 is 56% (or 0. 6:1) which indicates that the Company is capable to meet outside obligations in full out of its own assets (see Note 2 for computation). Debt-to-Equity Ratio is the percentage of total funds provided by the creditors versus by owners. The average Debt-to-Equity Ratio during 2011 and 2010 is 129% (1. 29:1). This means that for every peso of the company owned by the shareholders, the company owed 1. 29 to creditors. This high debt-to-equity ratio indicates that the Company was not able to generate enough cash  to satisfy its  debt  obligations (see Note 2 for computation).Long-Term Debt-to-Equity Ratio is the balance between debt and equity in a firm’s long-term capital structure. It expresses the degree of protection provided by the owners for the long-term creditors. The average Long-Term Debt-to-Equity Ratio during 2011 and 2010 is . 07% (or 0. 0007:1) which indicates that the Company’s degree of leverage is low (see Note 2 for computation). Times-Interest-Earned Ratio is the extent to which earnings can decline without the firm becoming unable to meet its annual interest costs. The Company’s Times-Interest-Earned Ratio is -19. 6 due to consecutive years of net loss which indicates that the Company was not able to meet its annual interest costs. ACTIVITY RATIOS| | | | | Notes| Status| 2011| 2010| Inventory Turnover| 3| Weakness| 8. 08 | 9. 38| Fixed Assets Turnover| 3| Strength| 10. 88| 10. 19| Total Asset Turnover| 3| Weakness| 3. 06| 3. 32| Accounts Receivable Turnover| 3| Strength| 77. 43| 64. 01| Average Collection Period| 3| Strength| 4. 71| 5. 70| Activity ratios measure how effectively a firm is using its resources. Inventory turnover ratio is used to measure the inventory management efficiency of a business.The Inventory ratio for the year 2011 and 2010 are 8. 08 and 9. 38, respectively. The decreased in the Inventory Turnover ratio indicates that the company is inefficient on controlling their inventory levels (see Note 3 for computation). The fixed-asset turnover ratio measures a company's ability to generate net sales from fixed-asset investments. The Ratios are 10. 88 and 10. 19 for the year 2011 and 2010. The increase in the turnover ratio indicates that the company can generate more sales with its fewer assets which tell that the company is good because it is using its assets efficiently (see Note 3 for computation).The total asset turnover ratio measures the ability of a company to use its assets to efficiently generate sales. The ratios are 3. 06 and 3. 32 for the year 2011 and 2010. The decrease in the turnover ratio indicates that the company is not growi ng in its capacity (see Note 3 for computation). Accounts receivable turnover measures the efficiency of a business in collecting its credit sales. The Accounts Receivable Turnover for the year 2011 and 2010 are 77. 43 and 64. 01, respectively.Increase in the accounts receivable turnover indicates improvement in the process of cash collection on credit sales of the company (see Note 3 for computation). Average collection period measures the average number of days that accounts receivable are outstanding. The Average collection period for 2011 and 2010 are 4. 71 and 5. 70, respectively. The decreasing number of collection days indicates that the accounts receivable of the company is liquid and is being converted to cash quickly compared to the previous year. PROFITABILITY RATIOS| | | | Notes| Status| 2011| 2010| Gross Profit Margin (GPM)| 4| Strength| 30. 4%| 28. 44%| Operating Profit Margin (OPM)| 4| Weakness| -2. 90%| -2. 21%| Net Profit Margin (NPM)| 4| Weakness| -2. 48%| -1. 75%| Return on Total Assets (ROA)| 4| Weakness| -7. 59%| -5. 80%| Return on Shareholders' Equity (ROE)| 4| Weakness| -18. 56%| -12. 52%| Earnings Per Share 4 Weakness -19. 68% -15. 28% Profitability Ratio measure management’s overall effectiveness as shown by the returns generated on sales and investment. Gross Profit Margin is the total margin available to cover operating expenses and yield a profit.During 2011 and 2010 the GPM’s are 30. 24% and 28. 44% respectively which indicates that the company has a reasonable profit margin but it cannot cover up all of its expenses resulting to a net loss (see Note 4 for computation). Operating profit margin is the profitability without concern for taxes and interest. The 2011 and 2010 OPM’s are -2. 90% and -2. 21% respectively. Thus, indicating that the company has poor cost control and/or that sales are insufficient to cover up COS and expenses (see Note 4 for computation). Net profit margin is the profitability after tax a nd interest.The 2011 and 2010 NPM’s are -2. 48% and -1. 75% respectively. This shows that the sales of the company is decreasing with a poor management of expenses (see Note 4 for computation). Return on total assets an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. The 2011 and 2010 ROA’s are  -7. 59% and -5. 80% respectively. Thus management is inefficient in using its assets to generate earnings (see Note 4 for computation). Return on Shareholder’s Equity measures a corporation's profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested.During 2011 and 2010 the ROE’s are -18. 56% and -12. 52% respectively. Thus, indicating that the company is not generating profit by the investment of the shareholders but instead incurring a loss. Earnings Per Share is the earnings per each outstanding share. The 2011 and 2010 EPS are -19. 68% and -15. 28% respectively. Since EPS in considered as one of the factors that an investor considers, it implies that issuance of shares will not generate more money thus, less attractive (see Note 4 for computation). GROWTH RATIOS | Notes| Status| Ratio| |Growth Ratio on Sales| 5| Weakness| -13. 13%| Growth Ratio on Net Income| 5| Weakness| * -20. 06%| Growth Ratio on EPS| 5| Strength| 22. 26%| Growth Ratio on Dividends Per Share| 5| Weakness| -3. 502%| Growth ratio indicates the amount by which a variable increases over a given period of time as a percentage of its previous value. The growth ratios for Sales, Net income, Earnings Per Share, Dividends per Share are -13. 13%, -20. 06%, 22. 26% and -3. 502% respectively. Growth Rates are one of the factors that investors consider in order to extend their resources to generate future cash flows.It indicates that the company’s sales, earnings have not grown that would make its firm value less attractive. Also, it evaluates that the company was not performing good enough in order to generate sales, earnings and returns, hence, occurring losses as resulted. Based on the computation of Growth Ratio on EPS, though it has been reported through financial statements that the sales and income have weaken, still it indicates that the earnings through issuance of shares increases over time. (see Note 5 for computation).

Classical Greco Roman Art essays

Classical Greco Roman Art essays During the period of crisis in the Roman Republic when the Greek influence on art became increasingly strong, Roman art began to emerge as an entity in itself. In 146 B.C.E., a sculptural style came into being that is generally known as Greco-Roman, a term which indicates that the two styles cannot be readily separated from each other. Much of the original art of this period was produced by Greek immigrant artists, but the growing Roman fascination with individual traits of personality is most apparent in their portrait sculpture, a field in which Romans artists made one of their most original contributions to Western culture. But the idealism of Greek art continued to captivate the Romans, for great numbers of Greek statues stood in the Roman forums and in public and private buildings. But even while under the spell of Greek art, the Roman portraitists produced works that have no parallel in Greek art. The Roman desire for literalness, together with the custom of keeping works of art in the Roman house, influenced the sculptors to accentuate individual traits still further. For example, The Head of a Roman is striking by virtue of its character, seemingly alive and mask-like. The character in this piece is the result of the artist's painstaking rendition of every facial bulge and fold, being a kind of super-realism. A quite different approach to the portrait subject can be seen in the bust of Pompey the Great. In this piece, it is likely that the artist was very concerned about creating a likeness that would be far more than a mere facial record. The strong lines of the broad forehead and the somewhat flat surfaces of the face are softened by a curiously ambiguous expression. Both of these works also express the sentiments and feelings of the general Roman citizen, for although the Empire was experiencing difficult times in the early ...

Prison term policy Essays

Prison term policy Essays Prison term policy Essay Prison term policy Essay Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal September 9, 2013 Armed robbery is a serious crime that can put many people in harms way. Whether a person is robbing a place of business or an individual, they are committing a crime against society and robbing people of their sense of safety and security. When someone chooses to bring a weapon while they are committing a crime, their intentions are to intimidate and control their victims, or to injure them. Policymakers continuously work on bills that try to deter people from committing rimes and reduce the recidivism rate of offenders. When a person decides to commit a crime such as armed robbery, there is a level of free will involved. Most of the time a person is not forced into committing a robbery, but chooses to be involved with the incentive of financial gain. There are many people in society that struggle to make ends meet and work tirelessly to provide for their families. There are choices to be made when people find themselves in these situations. Right and wrong are inherent in the nature of things. (University of Phoenix, (201 1), p. 1). Armed robbery would fit in the category of being considered wrong, no matter what the circumstances involved are. (University of Phoenix, (2011)). The part of this type of crime that may not be associated with free will, is the rationale behind it or ability to make rational choices. Sometimes a person chooses to commit a crime early on in t heir life and studies have shown that the part of a young persons brain that controls impulsively, has not yet had a chance to fully develop. Yet criminologist psychological search shows that, Problem children are likely to become problem should be given special consideration during their process of facing the Juvenile justice system. There is no clear cut answer that has proven to be successful in regards to young offenders. The questions remain: Is it better to give them a shorter length sentence to give them the opportunity to rehabilitate as they become young adults? Or, due to research that shows they are more likely to commit crimes as adults, Is it a better option to keep them in institutes for a longer period of time to rotten the general public? This factor, along with many other contributing factors, is taken into account by the Judge while they are determining the sentencing of individuals. A bill that will be presented to the state legislature asks that the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery be doubled. As a criminologist advisor, my recommendation would be to vote for this bill that is being considered. I have considered that pros and cons of the bill and feel that the positive affects of the bill outweigh the negative. Publicizing the punishment involved in a rime such as armed robbery, may deter people from being involved in this type of violent act. Increasing the maximum sentence for violent, weapon involved crimes can keep citizens that choose to follow the law safe from people who choose not to. There have been numerous theories developed on why people choose to break the law, but the bottom line is that they do and they must face the consequences for their decisions. The psychological elements that play a role in why a person decides to commit a crime are important in the area of deterrence. Adding mandatory years o the sentence for committing a crime such as armed robbery, may be a positive attribute to the prevention of future crimes of this kind. Psychologically, a person considering a life of crime might be convinced not to if they understand the extensive punishment they face if they do. (Schmeltzer, (2012), p. 143). Being involved with Community-based programs is sometimes part of the sentence imposed by a Judge. Many times these types of programs involve intensive therapy, Job-skill training and substance abuse counseling. These are positive options that may be encouraging ND helpful to offenders who most likely need assistance in one or all of these areas. If there was a way to incorporate these services into the institutions that inmates were serving their sentence in, this would be ideal. Punishment for crimes committed is a necessary part of the checks and balances process but adding services that can assist offenders in becoming productive members of society one day, is helpful. As a criminologist advisor, I do believe that the bill doubling the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery should be supported.